Extensive Cooperation with Rugged Individualism

"Beards, Sandals, and Other Signs of Rugged Individualism": Masculine Culture within the Computing Professions.

Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, male computer experts were able to successfully transform the "routine and mechanical" (and therefore feminized) activity of computer programming into a highly valued, well-paying, and professionally respectable discipline. They did so by constructing for themselves a distinctively masculine identity in which individual artistic genius, personal eccentric...

Cooperation, competition, individualism and interpersonalism in Japanese fifth and eighth grade boys.

The study compared the expression of cooperation, competition, individualism and interpersonalism in Japanese youth. Forty-two 5th grade boys and 42 8th grade boys first completed two questionnaires about cooperation/competition and group/individualized activities. Their group structure was then coded (as working in trios, in duos, or separately) as trios of boys built houses with playing cards...

Temporal Changes in Individualism and Their Ramification in Japan: Rising Individualism and Conflicts with Persisting Collectivism

Many studies have shown that American culture has become more individualistic over time. However, it was unclear whether other cultures, especially East Asian cultures, have also shifted toward greater individualism. Therefore, this article reviewed studies investigating temporal changes in individualism in Japan and their ramifications on psychology and behavior. Japan has experienced rapid an...

Other Rugged Applications

The military and aerospace electronics industries are experiencing an ever increasing demand for the use of plastic encapsulated microcircuits and semiconductors. While plastic encapsulated microcircuits and semiconductors offer a number of inherent advantages over hermetically sealed ceramic packages, uncontrolled use can introduce a number of technical risks in military and aerospace equipmen...

Individualism and Supervenience